dry mouth

Dry mouth, also known as “xerostomia,” is a condition characterized by a lack of saliva or a decrease in its flow. Since saliva plays a critical role in aiding digestion and maintaining good dental health, the consequences of xerostomia can be significant.

Three pairs of major salivary glands, along with hundreds of minor salivary glands, produce approximately 2–4 pints of saliva every 24 hours. Composed of 99% water and 1% electrolytes, enzymes, and proteins, saliva cleanses and protects the teeth and soft tissues from germs, tooth decay, and gum disease. It also keeps the mouth lubricated and comfortable for chewing, tasting, and swallowing.

A lack of saliva makes oral functions more difficult and increases germs in the mouth, leading to bad breath, dental decay, gum disease, and a higher risk of oral infections.

Common Causes of Dry Mouth:

• Age – More commonly seen in the elderly
• Medications
• Disease
• Cancer treatments
• Injury or surgery
• Tobacco use
• Dehydration

Treatment Options for Dry Mouth:

• If caused by medication, a physician may prescribe an alternative.
• Drugs to promote increased salivary flow may be recommended.
• Artificial saliva can help keep the mouth moist and lubricated.
• Prescription-strength fluoride gel can help prevent tooth decay.
• Patients can alleviate symptoms by drinking water more often and avoiding caffeine or alcohol.
• Chewing sugarless gum or sucking on sugarless candy can stimulate saliva flow.

With dry mouth, it is essential to maintain proper oral hygiene and visit the dentist regularly to prevent complications and ensure effective treatment.