Tooth decay, also known as dental caries, is one of the most common diseases affecting both children and adults, second only to the common cold. According to the World Health Organization, 60-90% of children worldwide and nearly 100% of adults have dental cavities. While tooth decay is a widespread problem, it is largely preventable with proper oral hygiene, a healthy diet, and regular dental checkups and cleanings.
What Causes Cavities?
Tooth decay results from a process that progressively damages tooth structure. The primary culprit is dental plaque, a sticky film that forms on teeth and harbors harmful bacteria. These bacteria thrive on sugar and produce acids as they metabolize it. Over time, these acids demineralize the tooth, causing decay. Cavities often start as small defects in the enamel and, if untreated, can progress through the dentin to the nerve and vital tissues inside the tooth. This can result in anything from mild sensitivity to severe, persistent pain.
Timely dental treatment is essential to prevent further complications, including damage to the tooth’s nerve, infections, tooth loss, or more severe health consequences.
Risk Factors for Tooth Decay:
For individuals at a higher risk of developing tooth decay, dentists may recommend specialized toothpastes, fluoride rinses, or other supplemental measures to provide additional protection against cavities.
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